Chapter 10

I shall now declare the beneficial expiation for all in the four-class system (cāturvarṇya चातुर्वर्ण्य). For the sin of agamyā gamana (अगम्या गमन, intercourse with a forbidden woman), one should perform the Cāndrāyaṇa (चान्द्रायण) penance for purification. (II,1, p. 297) // Par_10.1 //

One should decrease the mouthfuls of food by one each day during the dark fortnight and increase them during the bright fortnight. On the new moon day, one should not eat at all; this is the rule of the Cāndrāyaṇa (चान्द्रायण). (II,1, p. 298) // Par_10.2 //

One should determine a mouthful to be the size of a hen's egg. Otherwise, due to a fault in one's disposition, there is neither dharma (धर्म) nor purification. (II,1, p. 304) // Par_10.3 //

Then, after the prāyaścitta (प्रायश्चित्त) is completed, one should arrange a feeding of Brāhmaṇas. One should give two cows and a pair of garments to the Brāhmaṇas as the sacrificial fee (dakṣiṇā दक्षिणा). (II,1, p. 305) // Par_10.4 //

A dvija (द्विज) who has intercourse with a Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल) woman or a Śvapāka (श्वपाक, dog-cooker) woman should fast for three nights and then seek the instruction of Brāhmaṇas. // Par_10.5 //

Having shaved his head including the top-knot, he should perform two Prājāpatya (प्राजापत्य) penances. He should give two cows as a sacrificial fee; Parāśara has declared this to be the purification. (II,1, p. 306) // Par_10.6 //

If a Kṣatriya or a Vaiśya has intercourse with a Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल) woman, he should perform two Prājāpatya (प्राजापत्य) penances and give two pairs of cows. (II,1, p. 307) // Par_10.7 //

If a Śūdra has intercourse with a Śvapāka (श्वपाक) woman or a Caṇḍāla (चण्डाल) woman, he should perform the Prājāpatya Kṛcchra (प्राजापत्य कृच्छ्र) and give four pairs of cows. // Par_10.8 //

If a man has intercourse with his mother, his sister, or his own daughter, having approached these out of delusion, he should perform three Kṛcchra (कृच्छ्र) penances. (II,1, p. 311) // Par_10.9 //

He should perform three Cāndrāyaṇa (चान्द्रायण) penances and is purified by the severance of his male organ. For intercourse with a mother's sister, likewise, the cutting off of one's own penis is prescribed. (II,1, p. 316) // Par_10.10 //

He who has intercourse out of ignorance should perform two Cāndrāyaṇa (चान्द्रायण) penances. He should give ten pairs of cows; Parāśara has declared this to be the purification. (II,1, p. 317) // Par_10.11 //

For approaching a father's wife, a mother's close female relative, a brother's daughter, a guru's wife, a daughter-in-law, and likewise a brother's wife, (II,1, p. 319) // Par_10.12 //

or a maternal aunt or a woman of the same lineage (gotra), one should perform three Prājāpatya (प्राजापत्य) penances. One should give two cows as a sacrificial fee and is purified; there is no doubt in this. // Par_10.13 //

For intercourse with an animal, a prostitute, or others, and for approaching a she-buffalo, a she-camel, a she-monkey, a she-ass, or a sow, one should perform the Prājāpatya (प्राजापत्य) vow. (II,1, p. 339) // Par_10.14 //

One who has intercourse with a cow is purified by a three-night fast and by giving one cow to a Brāhmaṇa. One who has intercourse with a she-buffalo, she-camel, or she-ass is purified in one day and night. (II,1, p. 342) // Par_10.15 //

During civil unrest, in battle, during a famine, or when the people are perishing, when taken captive or afflicted by fear, one should always look after one's own wife. // Par_10.16 //

The woman who then has contact with outcastes (caṇḍālas चण्डालाः) should select ten excellent Brāhmaṇas and confess her fault. (II,1, p. 343) // Par_10.17 //

In a pit filled up to the neck with cow dung, water, and mud, she should stand there without food and emerge after one day and night. // Par_10.18 //

Having shaved her head including the top-knot, she should eat barley gruel (yāvakaudanam). Having fasted for three nights, she should then remain in water for one night. // Par_10.19 //

She should make a decoction of the root, leaf, flower, or fruit of the Śaṅkhapuṣpī plant with gold and pañcagavya (पञ्चगव्य), and drink the water. // Par_10.20 //

Afterwards, she should observe a vow of eating only once a day until she menstruates. As long as she performs that vow, she should live outside the home. (II,1, p. 344) // Par_10.21 //

Then, after the prāyaścitta (प्रायश्चित्त) is completed, she should arrange a feeding of Brāhmaṇas. She should give two cows as a sacrificial fee; Parāśara has declared this to be the purification. (II,1, p. 345) // Par_10.22 //

For the women of the four social classes (cāturvarṇya चातुर्वर्ण्य), the Kṛcchra (कृच्छ्र) and Cāndrāyaṇa (चान्द्रायण) are the vows. A woman is like the earth; therefore, one should not defile her. (II,1, p. 346) // Par_10.23 //

A woman who is enjoyed by a captor, who has been seized, bound, and taken by force or out of fear, is purified by performing the Sāṃtapana Kṛcchra (सांतपन कृच्छ्र); thus has Parāśara declared. (II,1, p. 347) // Par_10.24 //

A woman who is enjoyed once against her will by sinful men is purified by the Prājāpatya (प्राजापत्य) penance and by the flow of her menses. // Par_10.25 //

The husband of a wife who drinks liquor becomes half-fallen (i.e., a partial outcaste). For one whose body is half-fallen, no expiation is prescribed. (II,1, p. 349) // Par_10.26 //

While reciting the Gāyatrī, one should perform the Sāṃtapana Kṛcchra (सांतपन कृच्छ्र). Cow's urine, cow dung, milk, curd, clarified butter, and water with Kuśa grass, (II,1, p. 351) // Par_10.27 //

along with a one-night fast, is remembered as the Sāṃtapana Kṛcchra (सांतपन कृच्छ्र). If a woman conceives a child by a lover after her husband is dead, has disappeared, or has gone away, (II,1, p. 352) // Par_10.28 //

one should abandon her in another country as a fallen, sinful woman. If a Brāhmaṇa woman goes away with another man, (II,1, p. 354) // Par_10.29 //

she is declared to be lost; there is no return for her. She who, out of lust or delusion, goes away, abandoning her relatives, sons, and husband, (II,1, p. 356) // Par_10.30 //

is lost in the next world, and especially in the world of humans. A woman who goes away alone, overcome by intoxication or delusion, or driven by anger after being beaten with a stick, // Par_10.31 //

may be allowed to return. But if the tenth day has passed, no prāyaścitta (प्रायश्चित्त) is available. (II,1, p. 358) // Par_10.32 //

One should not abandon a woman for ten days, nor should one abandon her if she is heard to be lost. The husband should perform a Kṛcchra (कृच्छ्र) penance, and the relatives half a Kṛcchra (कृच्छ्र). // Par_10.33 //

After eating and drinking with them, one is purified in a day and a night. If a Brāhmaṇa woman goes away, abandoned by other men, (II,1, p. 359) // Par_10.34 //

and goes to a hundred men, her kinsmen should abandon her. If she goes to the house of a man, that house becomes impure. (II,1, p. 360) // Par_10.35 //

Whether it is her husband's or mother's house, it becomes the house of her lover. One should scrape that house and then sprinkle it with pañcagavya (पञ्चगव्य). // Par_10.36 //

One should discard the earthenware vessels and purify the wooden items and clothes. One should purify all the household goods, including those made from fruit and cow's hair. // Par_10.37 //

Copper vessels are purified with pañcagavya (पञ्चगव्य), and bronze vessels with ten applications of ash. The Brāhmaṇa should perform the prāyaścitta (प्रायश्चित्त) as arranged by Brāhmaṇas. // Par_10.38 //

He should give two cows as a sacrificial fee and perform two Prājāpatya (प्राजापत्य) penances. For the others, a fast for a day and a night and purification with pañcagavya (पञ्चगव्य) is prescribed. // Par_10.39 //

Through fasts, meritorious vows, bathing, twilight prayers, worship, and other rites, and through recitation, fire offerings, compassion, and charity, Brāhmaṇas and others are purified. (II,1, p. 361) // Par_10.40 //

The sky, wind, and fire are pure, as is water that has touched the earth. Darbha grass is not defiled, just as the ladles in sacrifices are not. // Par_10.41 //